Preheat the grill to high heat, approximately 450–500°F, and clean the cooking grates.
Place the ears of corn and whole poblano directly on the hot grill.
Grill the corn for approximately 8–10 minutes, turning every few minutes, until the kernels are tender and have browned and lightly charred in spots.
Grill the poblano for approximately 8–10 minutes, turning as necessary, until the skin is blistered and darkened on several sides.
Remove the corn and poblano from the grill and allow them to cool enough to handle.
Place the poblano in a small covered bowl or loosely wrap it in foil for about 5 minutes to help loosen the blistered skin.
While the grilled vegetables cool, combine the lime juice, olive oil, honey, garlic, cumin, smoked paprika, kosher salt, and black pepper in a small bowl or jar. Whisk or shake until thoroughly combined.
Cut the charred corn kernels from the cobs and transfer them to a large mixing bowl.
Peel away any loose heavily blistered skin from the poblano. Remove the stem and seeds, then finely dice the pepper.
Add the poblano to the bowl with the corn.
Add the drained black-eyed peas, black beans, tomatoes, red bell pepper, jalapeño, and green onions.
Pour the smoky lime vinaigrette over the mixture and gently toss until everything is evenly coated.
Cover and refrigerate for at least 30 minutes to allow the flavors to come together.
Just before serving, gently fold in the diced avocado and chopped cilantro.
Taste and adjust with additional lime juice, kosher salt, or black pepper as needed.
Serve chilled or cool with sturdy tortilla chips, or serve as a fresh side dish alongside grilled or smoked foods.